Free Essays: The Charater of Odysseus of Homers Odyssey :: Odyssey essays

The Charater of Odysseus of Homers Odyssey The most admired classical hero is most certainly Odysseus, the mythological classical subject of Homers epic tale, The Odyssey. This legendary figure displays excessive amounts of brains and muscle, seeming almost super piece at times. He embodies the ideals Homeric Greeks aspired to manly valor, loyalty, piety, and intelligence. The popularity of Odysseus transcends time. To this day he stay greatly admired as both a hero and an ordinary man who must deal with great adventures and retrieving the life he once had. For twenty dollar bill years Odysseus overcame each obstacle the gods handed to him. He was always respectful to the gods, acknowledging their control of fate and realizing that he needed help if he was to ever conk out back to Ithaca and his beloved family. He showed keen observation, instinct, and caution. He is great at disguises, capable of concealing his feelings, and a fast, inventive liar heroic qualities t hat got him through his adversities. Odysseus is as well as very human, and the reader can see these many qualities as well. He is often moved to tears. He makes mistakes, gets himself into tricky situations, and loses his temper. We see him play not still a hero but in any case a husband, father, and son. He takes on the very human roles of athlete, warrior, sailor, storyteller, carpenter, beggar, and lover. He vividly displays human qualities like brutality and boldness, man being sensitive and shy at the same time. It is these human qualities that people can relate to. While he is no doubt a hero, Odysseus is also viewed as a modern man, the pragmatic survivor. He must struggle, suffer, and deal with the inescapable fate handed down to him from the great beings atop Mt. Olympus. The average human can relate to Odysseus human qualities, while admiring him for the heroic traits they can only hope to attain, making him so popular. Odysseus has the skills, strength, and intelligence to qualify him as a hero, as yet he still possess the emotional constraints of a human, which together enable him to survive the chaotic disorder of his adventure. His journey was rich with people and places and totally unpredictable, right as life is for everybody. From ancient Greeks to todays reader, it is easy to commiserate with Odysseus while at the same time idolize him for dealing with life as it came at him.

OSI Model Essay -- Computers Networking Technology Essays

OSI Model IntroductionSuccessful communication of any type contains four key characteristics. These characteristics follow 1. A sender This is the person who is sending information. 2. A receiver This is the person the sender is sending the information to. 3. A common language If the sender and receiver ar going to understand each other, they will need a common language and protocol, or specific regularity of communicating. 4. A common medium The sender and receiver could choose whether to communicate in person, by telephone, writing or any other method that both can agree on. The OSI (Open Systems Interconnect) model attempts to bushel and standardize these key communication characteristics for calculator networks. It does so by breaking communication between computers into seven specific layers. Each layer perform s specific tasks proportional to achieving communication. This paper will address the layers by explaining what they do individually and how they work together as a whole. Each OSI layer labels the piece of data that it processes beforehand passing it on to the next level. The next layer could be either above the current layer of below the current layer depending on whether the computer is receiving or sending data. For purposes of this paper, the layers will be described in top down fashion beginning with application and ending with the physical layer. This simulates the theoretical method that a computer sends data. When receiving data, the layers argon reversed and the data flows from the physical up to the application layer. ... ...rk which companies use to develop network protocols. Each layer of the model was discussed separately. These layers are Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical Protocol stacks allow computers to communicate with each other everywhere the network even when they have different applications and operating systems. Sources Cited1. http//frontpage.idsonline.com/sallard/MCSE/Net%20Ess/OSI%20Model.html 2. http//eratosthenes.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/informatik/pi4/lectures/RN/CN-Title/form/basosie.htm 3. http//www.matcmp.sunynassau.edu/kaplans/classes/osimodel.htm 4. http//www.atlantic-tech.com/osimodel.htm

Nixon Essay -- essays research papers

Richard Milhous Nixon, the 37th President of the United States of America, was innate(p) on January 9, 1913 in Yorba Linda in southern California to Francis A. and Hannah Milhous Nixon.Nixon had a very rough childhood. Due to the illness of Richards brother, his mother was rarely around. Richards father was a very loud man who would beat his sons and enjoyed joust with everyone, especially when it came to politics. Richard had to help out at the family gas station and grocery store while he was a college student. Nixon grew up harboring resentment toward people who were born into families and privileged and could trade on their social connections. Nixon attended Duke University and graduated from law school there. After graduating, Nixon applied to become an agent with the FBI and was rejected. He was also rejected when he applied to various major law firms. Eventually, Nixon found a job in a small law firm in Southern California. Nixon served as a Naval Officer during World War I I. Afterward, he began to climb up the political ladder. He began by first serving in the U.S. House of Representatives and then in the Senate.Throughout Nixons career, he used smear-politics to gain victory by viciously attacking his opponents. He used the universals fear of communism during the Cold War years to his advantage by accusing several of his political enemies of being soft on communism.In 1952, President Eisenhower agreed to allow Nixon to serve as his running mate although he never really liked him. This was because Nixon would help Eisenhower win California. Six weeks ahead the election, a bombshell was dropped on the campaign. An illegal secret political fund of Nixons was discovered and publicized. Although Nixon was encouraged to withdraw from the ticket, he, instead, went on television and delivered a expression not about receiving bribes or money but about a little dog that his daughter had named Checkers. Eisenhower was convinced to keep Nixon on the ticket w hen he heard of the positive response of the American people to the Checkers Speech. Eisenhower and Nixon later won the 1952 election by a massive landslide.In 1956, Nixon was, once again, on the Republican ticket as the vice-presidential candidate. During his second term, Nixon became m... ...le from around the globe. These people included every president who was still living. A Eulogy was given by President Clinton in which he dwelled on Nixons great accomplishments, particularly in foreign affairs, rather than on his constitutional crimes much(prenominal) as those pertaining to the Watergate scandal. sum-upRichard Milhous Nixons life started out being kind of tough but he eventually went on to be able to do great things such as becoming the President of the United States of America.Throughout his life, Richard Nixon did more things that were very great and very signal but he was also responsible for doing many things that were definitely not so great and impressive. Nixon had a very impressive career when it came to foreign affairs but his career was far less impressive when you look at what was happening in the United States.If Nixon hadnt been quite so paranoid and insecure in his own abilities, he would have do a far better president. After all, it was his paranoia and his insecurities that led him to forming the plumbers and to authorizing the things that ended up going on at the Watergate complex, which eventually led to his resignation from the Presidency.

Comparing Stereotypes and Stereotyping in Measuring My Blood and The Ar

Conformity and Stereotypes in Measuring My Blood and The Artificial Nigger Adults frequently make conscious attempts to pass on their values and judgments concerning a number of matters to younger generations by sharing their own views. Generally, the advice they pass on is helpful for one to become a successful, productive member of the general macrocosm however, this process of indoctrination can be harmful if the views shared by the elder are racist. Gerald Vizenors Measuring My Blood and Flannery OConnors The Artificial Nigger explore the circumstances in which racist individuals try to induce others into following stereotypical ideas and how their influence can lead to a negative outcome. One reason older people hear their negative, racist attitudes is so that they may boost their own self-image. For example, in OConnors The Artificial Nigger, Mr. Head acts as if he were the worlds foremost authority on African-American issues since he has interacted with them d uring several brief occasions in the past. In Nelsons uncultured opinion, his grandfathers seemingly unendless knowledge about black people is impressive, and for the first time in his life, he understood that his grandfather was indispensable to him (257). The elderly grandfather enjoys the rare occurrence of having Nelson look up to him and respect his authority. Generally, Nelson merely looks at his caretaker as just other poor, impartial country redneck incapable of furthering his own well-being however, when the issue of black people is brought to attention, he is finally taken seriously. Otherwise, Mr. Head is just an unsophisticated man who gains his sense of self-worth by abusing minorities. ... ...is the transfer of racist ideas through the use of indoctrination. While the main difference between the two stories lies in the way a seemingly trustworthy source shares its stereotypical ideas with either a single individual or a large group, indoctrination, as e videnced in both stories, can be hurtful and damaging. Some individuals, such as Gerald Vizenor are able to see the racism often associated with the sharing of ideas, but other, less apt or caring people simply accept other peoples opinions as their own. Works Cited OConnor, Flannery. The Artificial Nigger. The Complete Stories of Flannery OConnor. New York Farrar, Strauss and Giroux, 1971. 249-70. Vizenor, Gerald. Measuring My Blood. Native American publications A Brief Introduction and Anthology. Ed. Gerald Vizenor. New York Harper Collins, 1996. 69-74.

Work Environment Paper -- essays research papers

Work Environment PaperGood conference skills be imperative for organizations to carry out in an attempt to maintain outstanding performance from employees and management. Every wrickplace is unique in terms of their diversity visibility therefore, is it vital for organization to create and execute creative communication methodologies that will enable organizations to develop a community rather than just your average expect of the mill work environment. For example, active listening, collective goal setting and consistent training are all examples of tools in which organizations can effectively use to hike up and execute effective communication within the workplace. So how well do individuals within an organization communicate with each other? This paper will collapse the amount, types, options, fixture and speed of communication that is practiced within the FACS Group Inc culture. In addition, this paper will explain how effective team building applies to FACS Group Inc work environment. Furthermore, this paper will include a brief summary of the selected chapter on effective team building, as well as provide my own communication analysis.Business leaders in todays society are looking for solutions to empower and retain employees through technology. Financial Administrative and Credit work (FACS Group Inc.) is the credit services and centralized financial and administrative support resource for all Federated divisions such as, Macys and Bloomingdales. As an organization, FACS handles all projects that fill credit authorizations, new account development, customer service, collections, catalog and dotcom sales, (www.facsgroup.com). Within my assigned department, as an auditor, different levels of communication are practices on a day-to-day basis. For example, as an auditor, we often communicate nonverbally to another shared center in a different state in an attempt to produce weekly, monthly and one-year forecasting, reports and audits. Most often the use of a shared computer network or drive enables both centers to obtain the needed information to actively know the needed reports. In addition, the use of e-mail or Lotus Notes allows specific individuals to communicate and transfer needed information quickly. Also, the development of a shared Intranet net internet site enables each center to obtain data, memorandums, up to date statistics for each location... ...to communicate effectively and to actively create and execute creative communication methodologies. such actions will result in the development of a community between co-workers within the workplace. This paper analyzed the various types of communication such as amount, options, location and speed of communication which is presently practiced within the FACS Group Inc culture. In addition, this paper clearly explained how effective team building applies to FACS Group Inc work environment. In addition, the paper includes a brief summary of the selected chapter on effe ctive team building, as well as provides example of my own communication analysis.Reference(s)FACS Group Inc, (2005). Retrieved Jul. 03, 2005, from demoralize To Know Us Web site http//www.facsgroup.com/facs/about/.Gustavus Adolphus College, (2005). Retrieved Jul. 03, 2005, from Communication Analysis Web site http//www.gustavus.edu/oncampus/academics/speech-comm/forensics/events/ca.cfm.Learning Point Inc, (2002). Retrieved Jul. 03, 2005, from Workplace Communication Web site http//www.learningpointinc.com/workplacecommunication.htm.Pragar, H. (1999). Cooking up effective team building. , 53(12), 14.

Work Environment Paper -- essays research papers

Work Environment PaperGood communion skills argon imperative for organizations to carry out in an attempt to maintain outstanding performance from employees and management. Every consortplace is unique in terms of their diversity visibility therefore, is it vital for organization to create and execute creative communication methodologies that will enable organizations to develop a community rather than just your average expand of the mill work environment. For example, active listening, collective goal setting and consistent training are all examples of tools in which organizations can effectively use to conjure and execute effective communication within the workplace. So how well do individuals within an organization communicate with each other? This paper will lose it the amount, types, options, mending and speed of communication that is practiced within the FACS Group Inc culture. In addition, this paper will explain how effective team building applies to FACS Group Inc wor k environment. Furthermore, this paper will include a brief summary of the selected chapter on effective team building, as well as provide my own communication analysis.Business leaders in todays society are looking for solutions to empower and retain employees through technology. Financial Administrative and Credit operate (FACS Group Inc.) is the credit services and centralized financial and administrative support resource for all Federated divisions such as, Macys and Bloomingdales. As an organization, FACS handles all projects that use up credit authorizations, new account development, customer service, collections, catalog and dotcom sales, (www.facsgroup.com). Within my assigned department, as an auditor, different levels of communication are practices on a day-to-day basis. For example, as an auditor, we often communicate nonverbally to another shared center in a different state in an attempt to produce weekly, monthly and one-year forecasting, reports and audits. Most oft en the use of a shared computer network or drive enables both centers to obtain the needed information to actively terminated the needed reports. In addition, the use of e-mail or Lotus Notes allows specific individuals to communicate and transfer needed information quickly. Also, the development of a shared Intranet mesh web site enables each center to obtain data, memorandums, up to date statistics for each location... ...to communicate effectively and to actively create and execute creative communication methodologies. such actions will result in the development of a community between co-workers within the workplace. This paper analyzed the various types of communication such as amount, options, location and speed of communication which is presently practiced within the FACS Group Inc culture. In addition, this paper clearly explained how effective team building applies to FACS Group Inc work environment. In addition, the paper includes a brief summary of the selected chapte r on effective team building, as well as provides example of my own communication analysis.Reference(s)FACS Group Inc, (2005). Retrieved Jul. 03, 2005, from rise To Know Us Web site http//www.facsgroup.com/facs/about/.Gustavus Adolphus College, (2005). Retrieved Jul. 03, 2005, from Communication Analysis Web site http//www.gustavus.edu/oncampus/academics/speech-comm/forensics/events/ca.cfm.Learning Point Inc, (2002). Retrieved Jul. 03, 2005, from Workplace Communication Web site http//www.learningpointinc.com/workplacecommunication.htm.Pragar, H. (1999). Cooking up effective team building. , 53(12), 14.

How media affects us Essay

Media affects everyones life that comes Into contact with It. There are many disadvantages and advantages to media and advertising. This move exit talk about the advantages and disadvantages evolving around the media. A few advantages that this essay will talk about is that media tail assembly target a global audience as they can reach outto us and that it can be use tor educational purposes to help people learn all around the world. A few disadvantages are that It can be manipulated very easily and hat it can easily tell us exactly what to want. hat to wear, how to think. taking away our freedom. An advantage Is that the media and advertising can reach a global audience, informing anyone. anyplace and anytime. Most people read or collect advertising and media on the internet, which is mostly accessible to a large audience, allowing more and more people to be exposed to it. This can be useful as it can inform a lot of people around the country and world If there Is a disaster, al lowing them to give aid o the unfortunate victims.For example, the typhoon in the Philippines that happened mid-2013 and the mega earthquake in Japan were able to show images, videos and stories to people in other countries that otherwise overhear known nothing about It and would not have been able to help. A disadvantage of media and advertising however, is that the media and be manipulated extremely easily. For example, if you look to the right you can see an example of this. It Is Just one Image, yet can give the audience a very different viewpoint.From one side It looks like they are better-looking aid and water to a poor man and on the other it looks as if they are going to kill him or take him as hostage. other example of this would be in magazines that are trying to sell. Some might write about a couples night out as a lovely story, whilst another might write about how they were fighting the whole time. They will usually Just write a story that will grab the readers attent ion.

The term ‘stagnation’ was coined by the Gorbachevian discourse of the perestroika era to describe the situation in the Soviet Union from 1964-1985

The term stagnation was coined by the Gorbachevian discourse of the perestroika era to describe the situation in the Soviet Union from 1964-1985, under the rules of Brezhnev, Andropov and Chernenko. The assertion of apparent stagnation suggests many ambiguity from the outset as to the actual situation in the USSR. Indeed, some have suggested that the term is overly simplistic this idea is especially asserted by Edwin Bacon and Mark Sandle in their recent reconsideration of the Brezhnev era.Nevertheless, when Gorbachev came to power he referred to a pre-crisis situation in the Soviet Union. Undoubtedly, the stagnation era did see mixer, economic and ethnic changes which led to some deterioration in the USSRs situation, but usefulness was non entirely excluded, certainly not for the completely decimal point, thus to say that the Soviet Union was on the verge of crisis by 1985 can certainly be contested. Furthermore, the notion of changes is paradoxical when the era is marked b y great conservatism.Consequently, in that respect are many factors to debate in discussion of the assertion that the plosive of apparent stagnation saw vital social, economic and cultural changes which by the early eighties had brought the Soviet Union to the verge of crisis. The economic situation by the early 1980s is perchance the most powerful for suggesting the USSR verged on crisis. It seems implausible that the entire stagnation catch to economic crisis for initially, recognition that the frugality was doing badly and determination to achieve parity with the regular army, led to Kosygins 1965 reform programme.However, this was halted due to concern, bolstered by events in Czechoslovakia in 1968, that economic change could stimulate demands for political democratisation economic conservatism would in that respectafter shape the period. The two chief sectors of the economy were agriculture and industry. On the one hand, agriculture received ofttimes budgetary expendit ure, enabling prices to be unbroken down, stimulating consumption and the output of agricultural goods increases 1976-801.However, at that place were fundamental flaws in the dust subsidies were a burden for the state, nor did they stop the need for grain imports furthermore, the inability to deal with weather conditions led to disastrous harvests 1979-812. Continued migration to the towns was also problematic. Failure was formally recognised in 1982 with the introduction of a Food Programme to ease food shortages, though harmonise to Bialer, it was fitly inefficient in mitigating the problem3.Bialer paints a connatural picture of industry. While arguing that initially investments and production levels increase, as time went on, slow down set in4. Essentially, Bialer implies this was inevitable considering the lack of change in industrial form _or_ system of government5. Similarly, although Keep recognises roleplays towards scientific management, he stresses these had virtua lly ended by the early 1980s due to inefficient resources and reluctance of enterprise managers to adapt6 inertia surrounded the system from all angles.As he states, hoarding stocks, storming at months end, and a reluctance to innovate would remain characteristic of the Soviet industrial scene until the era of perestroika7. perchance crisis by the early 1980s was demonstrated by Japans take-over as the worlds second largest producer of industrial goods and services8 considering the USSRs aim was to advance as a superpower, this was devastating. Finally, inefficiency seemed inevitable when, patronage increasing absenteeism by the early 1980s and high labour turnover, punishments, such(prenominal) as sacking, did not exist to prevent it.On the one hand, to say that the economy was on the verge of a crisis is debateable. There had been some long-lasting improvements refinement of the data-processing industry, an increase in electricity and expansions in the rail network and the aut omobile industry9 there was hardly total stagnation of the economy. Harrison argues that by the early 1980s it was wrong to condemn the economy for it was still growing, disrespect a slower rate, government pass and revenues were controlled, and inflationary pressures were small10.However, even he acknowledges that alarm bells were already ringing in the Kremlin when Brezhnev died11. Overall, the economic situation by the early 1980s reveals that detrimental changes had occurred as the period progressed. Keep points to several factors by the mid-1980s which could cause a pre-crisis situation such as a declining rate of return on capital investment leading to a slower rate of GNP and industrial output, and a declining rate of gross industrial expansion. 12 Furthermore, people had more money than they had goods to buy, causing consumer frustration and increase savings.Similarly, the shadow economy was concerning, especially as despite supervisory organs to deal with it, it was pro gressively tolerated, peradventure indicating the states acknowledgement that their efforts would not stabilise the economy. Ultimately, economic improvement was stifled under Brezhnev because of his commitment to defence spending and his failure to reform the system by maintaining centralisation. Without change, even if not verging on crisis, surely the USSR was on the pathway as Gooding states, disaffection had not yet turned to revolt. Unless the economic tendency were reversed, however, crisis was inevitable13.The same was to be the case under Andropov and Chernenko. On the one hand, Andropov believed economic expansion intrinsic his measures were to include a stamping down on absenteeism and low production. However, according to Service, probably he did not wish to venture far along the bridle-path of reforms14. In practice, although industrial output had increased by 5% from 1982-3, and the value of grain by 7%15 and although, as Harrison argues, growth slowdown had stop by 198316, Andropovs charge prevented him from instigating fundamental change that could reverse the threat of a crisis.Finally, Chernenkos short term of office brought no improvement in the economic sphere. That social change brought the USSR to the verge of crisis by the early 1980s is debateable. Firstly, labour and living standards must be examined. The social contract, whereby the worker had a poorly paid yet, in return, secure and easy work-life, may have led to economic inefficiency, but, as Hosking states, as a social system worked well enough17 it created satisfaction and stability for much of the period. However, a change occurred when the contract broke down by the early 1980s, threatening stability.Gooding attributes this to the fact that people would react if the regime faltered on its promise of a better standard of life and by now it was hard to hide that the period of steady improvement in living standards had ended18 shortages were far-flung and, as he argues, wh ile the black market eased the plight, it highlighted the level people had to go to to survive19. One major improvement was that, due to agricultural subsidies, by the early 1980s the rural-urban gap had narrowed as peasants became much better off.Gooding also stresses that because peasants were effrontery internal passports and welfare benefits, the regime had at last put them on an equal footing with other citizens20. Keep does stress that socially and culturally the gulf remained wide21, hence the emigration to towns. Nevertheless, the up-side was that increasingly society became industrial, leading to Edwin Bacons concept of social revolution with an increasingly modern society. urbanised, educated and professionalised22 illiteracy had largely disappeared and education improved.However, these improvements were to be self-constraining as the system proved unable to accommodate such advancements because the supply of jobs for an increasingly ripe population was incompatible. Se veral other factors demonstrate changes that could be deemed as contributing to a possible crisis. A falling rate of population growth in some regions by the early 1980s was worrying as was the declining life expectancy, linked to the under-equipped hospitals and poorly trained doctors. Keep also states that the incidence of serious diseases increased 1980-85 such as scarlet fever which rose by 21%23.The problem of alcohol, ironically worsened by the states commitment to its production, was severe Keep states that from 1980-5 new reported cases of alcohol morbidity increased by 10%24 and, as a cause of absenteeism, crime and domestic violence, it created social upheaval in several respects. The stagnation period also saw increases in divorce, illegitimacy and abortion indicators of a destabilising family situation, though some attempts were made to mitigate such crises in 1981 with pro-natalist measures such as improved maternity leave, creating, according to Keep, a recovery in t he birth rate in the early 1980s25.Overall therefore, social change during the stagnation period presents a mixture of factors, making it difficult to assert definitively that it brought the USSR to the brink of crisis. On the one hand, Keep and Hosking point to disturbances that occurred in response to conditions such as housing and food supplies. However, that they constituted crisis is dubious as unrest was not organised and trade unions were constrained by the state. While Keep points to police and party controls, he also argues that most people had much to be happy about26.Indeed, throughout much of the period most people lived better than they had before according to Gooding, despite shortages, meat milk and butter were more plentiful, improvements had been made regarding consumer goods, such as televisions, and although housing was still a problem, it had improved significantly27. Nevertheless, the end of the period saw a veritable decline in several respects. Most worrying was the scarcity of meat by 1982 as Gooding concedes, Lack of freedom could be put up with lack of meat was a far more serious matter28.On the one hand, as with the economic situation, it seems that the period after Brezhnev did see some move towards crisis abatement. Andropov laid great emphasis on social discipline and as Service states, police cracked down on drunkenness in the streets and punishments incurred for undiscipline at work29. Furthermore, Service believes that Andropov sincerely wanted to improve living standards and actually talked to workers30. However, whatever he learned did not transpire into change for the better caution prevailed and therefore the possibility of crisis perpetuated.Overall, Keep argues that most citizens did not appreciate the seriousness of the countrys problems by the mid-1980s, they even thought in some respects they lived better than in the West31. However, surely this delusion could not last forever, as the meat shortage was beginning to demonstrate. At the very least, if a direct social crisis was not looming by 1985, perhaps indirectly social problems were having an effect for, as Hosking states, they were undermining the economic strength of the USSR32. The cultural situation of the stagnation period saw many changes.Brezhnev ended Khrushchevs cultural thaw and brought a return to orthodoxy, epitomised by a gradual return to Stalin, reasserting the periods conservatism according to Bialer, there was resistance to experimentation and alien ideas33. Bialer also points to other aspects of cultural policy including patriotism, the cult of Lenin, and from the mid-1970s, the cult of Brezhnev34. If such policies had been adhered to there would be no fear of cultural crisis. However, seeds of discontent were stirring and while repression prevented eruption in the short term, perhaps this perpetuated discontent rather than solved it.Firstly, some signs of instability emerged in popular culture. Keep argues that liberaliza tion was needed to appease youths discotheques and rock-and-roll appeared along with expression of some critical ideas such as the balladeer Vysotskys blast of the gulag35. There was some increased suppression under Andropov, yet youth dissatisfaction expressed regardless according to Keep this represented the deep psychological malaise that afflicted the younger generation 36. The stagnation period also saw the rise of cultural themeism.This represented a nostalgic mood with a return to early art, architecture and Russian religious philosophy37 and the establishment of an All-Russian Society for the Preservation of Historical and Cultural Monuments which had grown advantageously by the early 1980s38. Cultural nationalism also encompassed village prose writing which projected the idea that urban life, with its materiality, lacked value. That such writings had become relatively widespread leads Keep to state that by the late Brezhnev era the system of literary controls had become m ore flexible39. He also argues the same for visual arts.However, although Keep states that by the mid-1980s cultural nationalism may be said to have struck root in the Russian popular consciousness, that it was subversive is unlikely considering the system of repression and censoring that could have suppressed it. In fact, Keep believed that nationalism could provide the nomenklatura with a basis of support40. Connected to this was nationalism within the republics. On the one hand, the era is characterised by demolishing and indigenisation for example, in non-Russian republics, the top position went to someone of the titular nationality.This created stability for much of the period. However, Fowkes points to factors which stimulated national grievances for example, from the late 1970s a greater stress was given to the Russian language, leading to accusations of Russification, and also the Russian monopoly over central institutions was maintained41. Fowkes even suggests that Brezhn evs national policy contained the seeds of its own destruction42 especially due to the pervasive hidden emulation practised by almost every non-Russian national group such as attempts to maintain traditional national cultures43. There were even some instances of popular national fronts.However, that such protests constituted crisis-point seems implausible. On the one hand, 249,000 Jews were allowed to emigrate between 1971-1980 yet this was not in response to internal crisis, more due to pressure from the USA that the Jews were to prefigure the need for a general liberalisation was not true. Furthermore, as Fowkes points out, radical nationalists were a minority44. Crisis did come eventually but that in 1985 it was inevitable seems an over-exaggeration essentially, repression kept nationalism under control, though its subtle presence could create long term problems.An examination of the cultural situation enables an evaluation of the level of open hatred that could have brought crisis. On the one hand, Keep refers to the emergence of cultural opposition45. True, there may have been escaped discussions among academics, who also published works in the samizdat. However, there was a rigorous censorship system which suppressed freedom history, social sciences and literature were often severely censored for subversive messages. Moreover, to progress in life, you had to conform.As Sandle argues, The state deployed a whole variety of sanctions sackings, harassment, public humiliations and coercing people into psychiatric hospitals 46. Ultimately, the goal was achieved dissidence, though having thrived in the early 1970s, had basically disappeared by the 1980s though also due to its internal divisions hence stability within the regime seems plausible. However, there was also a grey stadium between conformism and dissent, an area which flowed underneath the surface, expressing non-orthodox views.This loyal opposition within the system itself, despite its sile nce, was essentially seditious, and as several have suggested, would ultimately create the ideas and personnel for perestroika. It was maintained by an informal network of discussions and a creative way of writing that expressed views without being overtly dissident there was a determination, according to Sandle, that the period of re-Stalinisation and retrenchment would not snuff out the spark of change and liberalisation that began in 195647.On the one hand, by the early 1980s critical opinions were becoming more overt. Elliot points to the works of clandestine groups who disseminated leaflets criticising the authoritarian system though argues that, despite subversive messages, they would never threaten in practice because they were not widespread and because leaders were often arrested or exiled48. Overall, loyal opposition had to wait until after Brezhnev, at which point the beginnings of open reformist expression demonstrated that, despite prior suppression, discontent had re mained.By 1985, perhaps it could be suggested that, had Gorbachev and glasnost not come along, these intellectual ideas could have threatened a conservative regime as Sandle states, this diverse intellectual life that had continued in silence became an essential part of the destruction of the citadel of dogmatism after 198549. Nevertheless, it does seem that with active dissidence largely gone in the early 1980s, severe threats to stability were, if not fundamentally absent, wherefore severely mitigated.In conclusion, that the apparent stagnation period brought the Soviet Union to the verge of crisis by the early 1980s is not an easy statement to evaluate. On the one hand, the masses were not privy to the information that Gorbachev was regarding the state of the USSR by 1985. On the popular level, therefore, perhaps crisis was not that imminent. Certainly, this connects to Elliots idea that the stability of the regime was ostensibly based more on passive toleration than active su pport50.Furthermore, the concept of stagnation is very contentious Sandle suggests that, as it was coined by perestroika reformers, it sprang essentially from their need to justify their ideas than perhaps being a true reflection of society51. Furthermore, that the stagnation period as a whole created a crisis situation by the early 1980s is exaggerated for it is consensus that deterioration came mid-way through the period, whether after Brezhnev became ill, or perhaps earlier, from events in Czechoslovakia.However, that conservatism was to dominate the era was fundamental if it had meant the situation remained constant over the twenty years, there may have been no cause for concern but conservatism ironically brought detrimental change. That this was inevitable is plausible considering the situation at the top the period was certainly stagnant in this respect for Brezhnevs stability of cadres bred inertia, and despite personnel changes under Andropov, essentially the gerontocrac y remained. Overall, social, economic and cultural changes that caused concern did occur.While crisis may not have been apparent at the time, especially as dissidence and discontent did not seem that widespread, perhaps all that was needed was a final push to drive the situation to a head. Ultimately, the situation probably hinged on the economy as Gooding suggests, economic failure would do in fact what continued oppression and notion were most unlikely to do it would shake ordinary people out of their passivity. Therefore, failure to reform could only be safe for so long as proponents of conservatism were dying out, so too was stability.

Anime Business Plan

Exam 2 1. How a clearly defined survey helps a traffic enterprise A. Vision produces direction companies who spell out the vision for their company focus everyones attention on the future and detail the caterp pallidar tread a blood will take B. Vision determines decision C. Vision motivates people- a clear vision excites and ignites people to action D. Vision allows for perseverance in the face of adversity. 2. Define strength, weakness, opportunity, and threats a.Strength- are positive internal factors that inhabit a companys ability to accomplish its missions goals and objects b. Weakness- are contradict internal factors that chasten a companys ability to accomplish its missions goals and objectives c. Opportunitys- positive external forces that a firm can exploit to accomplish its missions goals and objectives. d. Threats- are negative external factors that inhibit a companys ability to achieve its goals and objectives. 3. Three types of competition Direct, Significant com petitors, and indirect competitors.Direct Competitors offer the same products and services Customers frequently compare prices Deals among these competitors when they shop. Significant Competitors offer some of the same services or similar products or services Product or service lines overlap provided not completely. Indirect offers same or similar products only in as small number of areas. 4. Three types of strategies- a. Cost leadership- Strives to be the low address provider relative to its competition in the industry b.Differentiation- A Company seeks to build customer loyalty by positioning its goods or services in a unique or different way. c. Focus (niche) a strategy in which a company selects one or more market segments, identitys customer supererogatory needs wants & interests & offers them with excellent service designed to meet their needs. 5. Define complete advantage- the aggregation of factors that sets a small business isolated from its comptetiors and give s it a unique position in the market segments to its competition. 6. Purpose of easibility analysis- a process to determine whether or not an idea can be modify into a valid business. 7. Elements in 5 forces model- * Rivalry among competitors in the market(strongest force) Barraging power of suppliers to the industry, bargaining power of buyers, threat of new entrants to the industry, threats of substitute products or services. 8. Definition of business prototyping- a process in which entrepreneurs test their business models on a small scale before committing serious resources to launch a business that readiness not work. . Three aspects considered in financial feasibility analysis- * Primary research- information that the entrepreneur collects first hand and analyses * Secondary research- information that has already been compiled and is analyzed for habituate often at a very reasonable cost or sometimes even free. * Focus groups- a market research technique that involves enlis ting a small number of potential customers (usually 8-120) to give an entrepurerure fed back on specific issues about a potential product or service.Or special idea its self. 10. Two functions of a business plan- * Guides an entrepreneur by charting the companys future course of action and devising a strategy for success. * Provides a battery of tools Mission statements, goals, objectives, market analyses, budgets, financial forecasts, target markets, strategys to help entrepreneur lead the company. 11. Most common form of business ownership- Sole proprietorship. 12. Advantages/Disadvantages of sole proprietorship Advantages Simple to create, least costly to being, profit incentive, total decision making authority, No special legal restrictions, easy to finish Disadvantages * Unlimited personal responsibility, limited skills & capabilities, feelings of isolation, limited access to capital, lack of continuity in business. 13. Types of Corporations * Domestic- a mass that does bus iness in the state it was founded in. * Foreign a company doing business in a state other that where it was founded. Alien a corporation found in another country but doing business in the U. S * Closely held a corporation whose shares are tone downled by a relatively small number of people Family elatives friends Employees. * Publicly Held A corporation who has a large number of stock holders usually traded on the stock ex qualifying. 14. Advantagesdisadvantages of corporations- Advantages Limited liability of stock holders, ablitlty to attract capital , ability to continue indefinitely, mobile ownership.Disadvantages Cost and time involved in the incorporation process, double tax, and potential for diminished managerial incentive, legal requirements and regulatory red tape, potential loss of control by founders. 15. Types of partnerships General Partnership Partners who share in owning a business and who have unlimited personal liability for partners dept. Limited Partner ship Partners, who make financial investments and partnership, do not take on an active role in managing a business, and whose liability is limited to amount invested. 16.Define Franchising A system of distribution in which semi-independent business owners pay fees and royalties to a parent company in return for the right to become identified with its trademark, to sell its products or services and often to drug abuse its business format and system. 17. Benefits of license A business system that is proven , manager training and support, cross out take a leak appeal, standardized quality of gods and services, national advertizing program, financial assistance, proven produces and business formats, combined buying power site selection and territory protecting, greater chance of success. 8. Three types of franchise * Trade name involves a brand name without distributing particular products exclusively under the franchiser name * Product Distribution Involves a franchises licen sing a franchisee to sell specific products under the franchisors brand name and trademark though a selective limited distribution network. * Pure involves providing the franchisee with a complete business format. 19.Definition of piggy back franchise- a method of franchising in which two or more franchises team up to sell complimentary products or services under one roof. 20. Multiple unit Franchising a method in which a franchiser opens more than one unit in a broad territory with in a specific time period. 21. Franchise Disclosure Document (FDD) a document that every franchisor is required by law to give potential franchisees before any offer or exchange of a franchise outlines 23 important pieces of information. 2. Advantages /Disadvantages of buying an existing business * Advantages a successful business may continue to be successful a successful business may already have the best location employees and suppliers are already established, equipment is already installed an d productive capacity is known inventory is in place and tide credit is established new business owners hit the ground running. Disadvantages Its a looser the previous owner may have created ill will Employees inherited with the business may not be sustainable the locating is unstable equipment and facilitys may be obsolete change and innovation may be hard to implement inventory may be out of date or obsolete account receivables may be less that face value business may be overpriced. 23. Steps to acquiring a business the right way. a. Analyst your skills and abilitys b. mark a list of potential candidates c. Investigate and evaluate candidate business to find the best one d. Explore financing options . Ensure smooth variation by communication with employs. 24. Acquiring procedures * Identify and approach candidate * Sign the nondisclosure statement * Sign letter of intent * Buyers due diligence investigation * write the purchase agreement * Close the final deal * Begin the tra nsition 25. 5 Ps of negotiation * Preparation examine the needs of both parties * perk up Remain calm during the negotiation. * Patience dont be in such a hurry * Persuasiveness- know what most important positions are discourse them. * Persistence dont give in a first sign of resistance to your position.

Slim Wave in Singapore

A number of regimen pill manufacturers from China, such as Kunming Dali Industry and Guangzhou Shining Trading, are riding on Singapores slim wave to make money. In Asia, the conceit of a slim figure has turned from a Hollywood-induced dream into an obsession. The glossy magazines geared toward women befuddle covers adorned with slim, petite models. Local newspapers constantly feature advertisements portray slim actresses and models who have transformed themselves from bloated balloons into sunbathing beauties.Slimming is increasingly seen as one of the panaceas for Singapores societal ills, numerous young women feel that being slimmer can channelize the way they feel about themselves. The obesity rate among young Chinese women in Singapore is that 4. 2 percent. However, Singapore is ranked fifth in per capita consumption of victuals pills in the world. Even the women who are not obese are taking food pills to be slimmer. This has led to a whole horde of products claiming t o reduce weight with little effort flooding the market.Advertisements claim that they put up the natural way to losing weight, that they accept women to lose kilograms without avoiding their favorite foods. The idea they sellthat a natural product or method can reduce weight without exercise or dietis obviously tempting. However, most of these over-the-counter diet pills have negative side effects, and often go to market without undergoing comprehensive clinical tests. The Health Services potential of Singapore requires that all diet pills sold in Singapore should list ingredients visibly.Since most of these products use the natural herbal name, the exact nature of the chemicals used ashes unknown to the user. In addition, the Internet offers the average Singaporean buyer another host of slimming medicines that are not bound by these regulations, and fail to list ingredients at all. 3 The tragic incidents in Singapore caused by the Slim 10 pills created a wave of shock among th e health professionals and authorities around the globe in 2002.Andrea De Cruz, a 28-year-old TV actress suffered a failed liver because she was on Slim 10 diet pills for two months, besides her life was saved by her fiances kindness to donate part of his liver to her. A43- year-old woman, Selvarani Raja, was not so lucky, and she died of liver failure from taking Slim 10 pills. Unfortunately, these tragic cases have been all but forgotten, and the Singapore market for such drugs is more flood than ever before. Pharmacies sell these pills in their main aisles, in plain sight.Diet pill advertorials constantly air on radio stations many blogs claim to put forward positive information on the new medications and their supposed effectiveness. The Singapore government has initiated a number of programs to promote healthier diet and regular exercise to jibe obesity, through community organizations. In spite of this, the usage of diet pills is increasing. With good weather year-round an d hale laid-out jogging and cycling tracks throughout the islands, what is stopping Singaporeans from eliminate it out, and choosing quick-fix, hazardous medication instead?Slim Wave in SingaporeA number of diet pill manufacturers from China, such as Kunming Dali Industry and Guangzhou Shining Trading, are riding on Singapores slim wave to make money. In Asia, the idea of a slim figure has turned from a Hollywood-induced dream into an obsession. The glossy magazines geared toward women have covers adorned with slim, petite models. Local newspapers constantly feature advertisements portraying slim actresses and models who have transformed themselves from bloated balloons into sunbathing beauties.Slimming is increasingly seen as one of the panaceas for Singapores societal ills, many young women feel that being slimmer can change the way they feel about themselves. The obesity rate among young Chinese women in Singapore is only 4. 2 percent. However, Singapore is ranked fifth in per capita consumption of diet pills in the world. Even the women who are not obese are taking diet pills to be slimmer. This has led to a whole host of products claiming to reduce weight with little effort flooding the market.Advertisements claim that they promote the natural way to losing weight, that they allow women to lose kilograms without avoiding their favorite foods. The idea they sellthat a natural product or method can reduce weight without exercise or dietis obviously tempting. However, most of these over-the-counter diet pills have negative side effects, and often go to market without undergoing comprehensive clinical tests. The Health Services Authority of Singapore requires that all diet pills sold in Singapore should list ingredients visibly.Since most of these products use the natural herbal name, the exact nature of the chemicals used remains unknown to the user. In addition, the Internet offers the average Singaporean buyer another host of slimming medicines that are not bound by these regulations, and fail to list ingredients at all. 3 The tragic incidents in Singapore caused by the Slim 10 pills created a wave of shock among the health professionals and authorities around the globe in 2002.Andrea De Cruz, a 28-year-old TV actress suffered a failed liver because she was on Slim 10 diet pills for two months, but her life was saved by her fiances kindness to donate part of his liver to her. A43- year-old woman, Selvarani Raja, was not so lucky, and she died of liver failure from taking Slim 10 pills. Unfortunately, these tragic cases have been all but forgotten, and the Singapore market for such drugs is more flooded than ever before. Pharmacies sell these pills in their main aisles, in plain sight.Diet pill advertorials constantly air on radio stations many blogs claim to provide positive information on the new medications and their supposed effectiveness. The Singapore government has initiated a number of programs to promote healthier diet and regular exercise to control obesity, through community organizations. In spite of this, the usage of diet pills is increasing. With good weather year-round and well laid-out jogging and cycling tracks throughout the islands, what is stopping Singaporeans from sweating it out, and choosing quick-fix, hazardous medication instead?

Network Based Intrusion Prevention System (Nips)

vane Based rape Prevention clay (NIPS) Definition An misdemeanour prevention governing body set in-line on the interlocking and monitors the traffic, and when a suspicious event occurs it takes action based on certain prescribed rules. An IPS is an active and real time device, unlike an Intrusion detection placement which is not inline and they argon passive devices. Intrusion prevention systems ar considered to be the evolution of intrusion detection system. Alternately, an Intrusion prevention system is usually a hardware device that is connected to the entanglement.It function is to monitor the network for nay unwanted behavior and to prevent such behavior. A profits based Intrusion prevention system (NIPS) is used to monitor the network as well as protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of a network. Its master(prenominal) functions include protecting the network from Threats such as Denial OF Service and unauthorized usage. Explanation Network based i ntrusion Prevention system monitors the network for malicious activity or suspicious traffic by analyzing the protocol activity. NIPS once installed in a network it is used to create Physical protective covering department zones.This in essence makes the network intelligent and it and quickly discerns good traffic from bad traffic. In other words the NIPS becomes like a prison for hostile traffic such as Trojans, worms viruses and polymorphic threats. NIPS are manufactured using high speed Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICS) and network processors. A Network processor is different when compared to a micro processor. Network processors are used for high speed network traffic, since they are designed to execute tens of thousands of instructions and comparisons in parallel unlike a microprocessor which executes an instruction at a time.NIPS are considered to be extensions of the present Firewall technologies. Firewalls inspect only the first four layers of the OSI model of any packet of information flow. However, NIPS inspects all seven layers of the OSI model making it extremely difficult to hide anything in the last four layers of a packet. Majority of the network based Intrusion prevention Systems utilize one of the three detection methods they are as follows Signature based detection Signatures are attack patterns which are predetermined and also preconfigured.This kind of detection method monitors the network traffic and compares with the preconfigured signatures so as to find a match. On successfully locating a match the NIPS take the next appropriate action. This type of detection fails to identify zero day error threats. However, it has proved to be very good against oneness packet attacks. Anomaly based detection This method of detection creates a baseline on average network conditions. Once a baseline has been created, the system intermittently samples network traffic on the basis of statistical analyses and compares the sample to the created baseline.If the activity is found to be outside the baseline parameters, the NIPS takes the necessary action. Protocol plead Analysis Detection This type of detection method identifies deviations of protocol states by comparing observed events with predefined profiles. Comparison OF NIPS and HIPS Network Based intrusion prevention System Monitors and analyzes all the network activities. Easier to setup, understand and implement. It proves to be better in catching and preventing attacks or suspicious activities from the outside. Less expensive. Near real-time response. Host based intrusion Prevention System Narrow in scope, watches only certain host activities. Much more complex setup and understanding when compared to NIPS. Better in detecting and preventing attacks from the inside. More expensive than NIPS. Comparison OF NIPS and NIDS Network Based Intrusion Prevention System Acts as a network gateway. Stops and checks suspicious packets. Prevents successful intrusions. glum positives are very bad. Network Based Intrusion Detection System Unlike NIPS, it only observes network traffic. NIDS logs suspicious activities and generates alerts. Cannot stop an intruder, unlike NIPS. False positives are not as big an issue when compared to network based intrusion prevention system. Summary A Network based intrusion prevention system must meet the very basics necessities of networking. They are as follows Low latency Less than 3ms, regardless of frame size, traffic mix, line rate or attack filter count. Large session counts Around 50,000 to 1,00,000 simultaneous sessions. Multi-Gigabit Speeds To support backbone traffic and protect against internal attack. High availability Must automatically become a transparent switch should any internal element collapse. Precision Should neither block nor drop good traffic. Sources http//www. cisco. com/web/about/ciscoitatwork/security/csirt_network-based_intrusion_prevention_system. html http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/In trusion_prevention_system http//www. foursquareinnovations. co. uk/software_development_and_ebusiness_articles/intrusion_prevention_systems_5. html http//www. infosecwriters. com/text_resources/pdf/JCooper_NIPS. pdf